Ingredients with a documented concern, from official datasets and our reviewed database.
Sensitive skin: High cautionPregnancy: Use with cautionBabies & kids: Best avoidedEczema-prone: Best avoided
- Cancer concern:Slowly releases formaldehyde, an IARC Group 1 carcinogen.
- Allergy risk:Frequent cause of preservative contact dermatitis.
A formaldehyde-releasing preservative used in creams, shampoos and wipes. The slow formaldehyde release preserves the product but exposes skin to a known carcinogen and allergen.
Sensitive skin: Best avoidedPregnancy: Use with cautionBabies & kids: Best avoidedEczema-prone: Best avoided
- Allergy risk:Fragrance is the single most common cause of cosmetic contact allergy.
- Irritation:Frequent trigger of stinging and redness on reactive skin.
Caredermis curated dermatological review
An umbrella term that can hide dozens of undisclosed scent chemicals. Fragrance is the leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis from cosmetics, and dermatologists routinely advise fragrance-free products for eczema, babies and sensitive skin.
surfactant · foaming agent
Severity 4/10EditorialSensitive skin: High cautionDry skin: Use with cautionBabies & kids: Use with cautionEczema-prone: High caution
- Irritation:Milder than SLS but still drying for compromised skin.
The gentler cousin of SLS used in most mainstream shampoos and washes. Its manufacturing can leave trace 1,4-dioxane, which reputable makers strip out — an issue of quality control rather than the ingredient itself.
Sensitive skin: High cautionBabies & kids: Use with caution
- Irritation:Phototoxic; increases sunburn risk on exposed skin.
- Allergy risk:High limonene content oxidizes into sensitizers.
A citrus oil that is both phototoxic in sunlight and increasingly allergenic as its limonene oxidizes.
Sensitive skin: Use with cautionEczema-prone: High caution
- Allergy risk:EU-declarable allergen; oxidation products are potent sensitizers.
The citrus-peel scent molecule. Like linalool, it becomes allergenic mainly after oxidizing in opened products.
Sensitive skin: Use with cautionEczema-prone: High caution
- Allergy risk:EU-declarable allergen; lemon-scented sensitizer.
The lemon-scent molecule in lemongrass and citrus oils, a recognized contact allergen requiring EU label declaration.
Sensitive skin: Use with cautionEczema-prone: High caution
- Allergy risk:EU-declarable allergen; oxidized linalool is a common patch-test positive.
A floral scent molecule found in lavender and many essential oils. It oxidizes on air exposure into strongly sensitizing compounds, which is why it must be declared on EU labels.
Sensitive skin: Use with cautionEczema-prone: High caution
- Allergy risk:American Contact Dermatitis Society Allergen of the Year 2018.
- Irritation:Can irritate compromised skin at higher concentrations.
A workhorse humectant and penetration enhancer that is fine for most, but a recurring culprit in eczema patients' patch tests.
Pregnancy: Use with caution
- Irritation:Occasional irritation/allergy.
- Environmental impact:Highly toxic to aquatic organisms; banned in EU cosmetics since 2022 as a reprotoxic CMR.
The classic dandruff active banned in EU cosmetics in 2022 (reproductive-toxicity classification) but still standard in US shampoos.
Sensitive skin: Use with cautionEczema-prone: Use with caution
- Allergy risk:Named Allergen of the Year 2004; impurities (amidoamine) drive most reactions.
A mild coconut-derived surfactant in countless 'gentle' cleansers. Most allergy is caused by manufacturing impurities, so quality varies by brand.
Sensitive skin: Use with caution
- Irritation:Irritating at higher concentrations or in leave-on products.
- Allergy risk:Occasional contact allergen.
A pH adjuster that is safe in itself but should not be combined with formaldehyde releasers or bronopol, which can convert it to nitrosamines.
- Environmental impact:Synthetic polymer counted as a microplastic under the EU restriction when in particle form.
A common film-forming polymer scrutinized under the EU's microplastics restriction; skin safety itself is well established.
- Allergy risk:Rare hypersensitivity reactions, better documented in food than cosmetics.
Tartrazine yellow dye; approved for cosmetics with rare sensitivity reactions reported.